Figure 1.

Geographical pattern of specialization and the proportion of smaller ranged species (SRS) for 46 hummingbird communities across the mainland Americas. The colouration of each circle on the map indicates the degree of specialization in relation to the proportion of SRS; black indicates both high SRS and specialization, white conversely indicates both low SRS and degree of specialization. Orange and blue indicate poorer correlation through either high SRS or specialization, respectively. Note that some points have been slightly moved to avoid overlap. SRS was arcsine square-root transformed to improve normality. The painted illustration shows three hummingbird species from the Costa Rican highlands, where the network with the highest degree of specialization and SRS is found in the dataset (specialization = 0.782, SRS = 0.6). From the top: volcano hummingbird (Selasphorus flammula), white-bellied mountain-gem (Lampornis hemileucus), and fiery-throated hummingbird (Panterpe insignis). Painting by Jon Fjeldså.