Figure 1.

Temporal haplotype network reconstruction of New Zealand (blue) and Australian (red) little penguin mitochondrial control region sequences for the entire New Zealand region. Each layer represents a particular time period as indicated in the inset. Circle size is proportional to haplotype frequency. Edges between haplotypes represent single mutational steps. Unobserved haplotypes are indicated by small black circles. Grey circles connected by dashed lines represent haplotypes that occur within the population but not the particular temporal layer. Dotted haplotypes are unique to Otago. The insets show sampling localities in New Zealand. Circle colour in insets indicated species affiliation of specimens of the particular site. Blue and red borders interpolate distribution of E. minor and E. novaehollandiae, respectively. H, haplotype diversity; n, sample size; NZ, New Zealand (E. minor).