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. 2016 Jan 26;4(2):e12674. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12674

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© 2016 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The degrees of pulmonary arterial wall thickening in relation to branching patterns in chronically hypoxic lungs. (A and B) Both parent (arrows) and daughter (arrowheads) branches developed wall thickening in response to chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension. The branching angles are less than 90°, suggesting they are conventional dichotomous or axial branching patterns. (C and D) Only the parent branches (arrows) developed wall thickening and the daughter, supernumerary branches remained thin walled (arrowheads). The diameters of daughter branches are considerably smaller than the diameter of parent arteries, and the branching angles are approximately 90°, which support their identification as supernumerary arteries. Scale bar = 50 μm.