Fig. 2.

Illustration of the conditions in Experiment 1. In A–D, the observer's headings (θ) are depicted as dashed lines to either side of the central axis, which refers to the center of the screen and is aligned with the 0° heading direction. The initial and final positions of the observer and moving object (rectangle) are schematically depicted in black and gray, respectively. The object moves in depth relative to the observer along a trajectory specified by the angle δ. Note that the path angles depicted are exaggerated. “In” indicates that the object starts on the inside of the heading vector (i.e., toward the central axis), and “Out” indicates that the object starts on the outside of the heading vector. “Near” and “Far” indicate whether the object started near and far from the observer's path, respectively.