Table 3.
Correlations between anterior and posterior lower leg muscle thickness and tibialis anterior muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) or calf muscle volume (MV) measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US)
| Reference | Year | Reference variable | Number of subjects | Subject age range | Reference method | Posture of MT testing | Regressions | r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Martinson and Stokes28 | 1991 | CSA | W = 17 | 18-35 yrs | US | Supine | Tibialis anterior CSA (cm2) = 1.96 × aMT2 + 0.96 | 0.90 |
| aMT, anterior lower leg muscle thickness | ||||||||
| Miyatani et al.13 | 2004 | MV | M = 27 | 23–40 yrs | MRI | Standing | Ankle plantar flexors MV (cm3) = 218.1 × pMT + 30.7 × LL − 1730.4 | 0.91 |
| pMT, posterior lower leg muscle thickness at 30% of lower leg length (cm); LL, lower leg length (cm) | ||||||||
| Bandholm et al.29 | 2007 | MV | CA = 11 | NR | Dissection | Prone | Gastrocnemius MV (cm3) = 85.3 × gMT + 5.0 × LL − 104.9 | 0.70 |
| Soleus MV (cm3) = 73.6 × sMT + 10.6 × LL − 284.4 | 0.81 | |||||||
| gMT, mean of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius | ||||||||
| muscle thickness (centimeter); LL, lower leg length(cm); sMT, soleus muscle thickness (cm) |
M, men; W, women; CA, human cadavers; NR, not reported; MT, muscle thickness.