Table 2.

Estimates of central hemodynamics

	NR	RCO	RCO+CO2
Baseline
O2pulseI, mL/beat/m2
CTL	3.3±0.8	3.4±1.6	3.6±1.1
HF	2.5±0.5*	2.6±0.8	2.4±0.5*
CircP, mL/kg/min · mm Hg
CTL	465±102	510±199	542±105
HF	391±76	418±152	397±87*
GXCAP, mL/beat · mm Hg/m2
CTL	122±38	122±59	128±43
HF	84±16*	88±30	80±15*
End-exercise
O2pulseI, mL/beat/m2
CTL	7.6±1.6	7.9±1.7	7.8±1.7
HF	4.9±1.1*	4.8±1.0*	5.0±1.2*
CircP, mL/kg/min · mm Hg
CTL	2451±572	2579±750	2527±673
HF	1217±367*	1187±323*	1241±301*
GXCAP, mL/beat · mm Hg/m2
CTL	318±86	323±86	315±79
HF	175±51*	170±43*	172±50*
Post-exercise (2 min)
O2pulseI, mL/beat/m2
CTL	3.1±0.9	2.2±0.8‡	2.6±1.0‡
HF	2.9±0.7	2.4±0.7	2.5±0.7
CircP, mL/kg/min · mm Hg
CTL	557±132	453±233	510±189
HF	505±83‡	492±138	520±105‡
GXCAP, mL/beat · mm Hg/m2
CTL	114±35	73±34†‡	100±47
HF	98±20	72±23†	86±22
Slope
O2pulseI, mL/beat/m2
CTL	16.1±3.1	21.8±7.8	19.3±6.3
HF	12.5±6.6	15.8±4.6*	16.1±5.4
CircP, mL/kg/min · mm Hg
CTL	−947±263	−1084±339	−1009±289
HF	−356±187*	−348±161*	−361±134*
GXCAP, mL/beat · mm Hg/m2
CTL	−102±28	−125±34	−108±25
HF	−39±24*	−49±24*	−43±19*

Data are mean±SD. CTL, control; CircP, circulatory power; GX_CAP, pulmonary vascular capacitance; HF, heart failure; NR, normal recovery; O₂pulse_I, oxygen pulse indexed to body surface area; RCO, regional circulatory occlusion; RCO+CO₂, added carbon dioxide during RCO; Slope, rate of change from end-exercise to 2-min post-exercise;

^*p<0.05, compared to CTL after Bonferroni correction;

^†p<0.05, RCO compared to NR;

^‡p<0.05, compared to baseline.