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. 2015 Dec 21;363:609–620. doi: 10.1007/s00441-015-2332-3

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© The Author(s) 2015

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 2 — Viability of isolated brain cells. The time course of cell death was assessed by determination of the intracellular ATP level (a) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (b). The ATP level at time 0 was taken as 100 % of live cells. For the LDH assay, % cytoxicity was calculated by using the formula (experimental LDH activity)/(maximum LDH activity). Maximum LDH release was achieved by lysing cells with 0.1 % Triton X-100. Statistical differences vs. time 0 are indicated by *P < 0.05. control group (left) n = 7; ketamine-treated group (+ket) n = 7