Figure 1.

MFbCM enhances the expression of characteristic AAM markers. (A–C) Macrophages stimulated with IL‐4 + IL‐13 + MFbCM for 48 h displayed enhanced protein expression of ARG1 and Ym1 protein (A, data are representative of four experiments; (B and C) densitometric analysis of ARG1 and Ym1) and increased arginase activity (D, n = 10–12, except MFbCM only where n = 3). (E) Following cytokine exposure, macrophages were stimulated with LPS (1 μg·mL⁻¹) for 24 h. Co‐treatment with IL‐4 + IL‐13 and MFbCM led to suppression of nitric oxide production (n = 3). (F–G) Macrophage treatment with IL‐4 + IL‐13 + MFbCM results in spontaneous IL‐10 production (48 h post‐cytokine/MFbCM treatment) and increased IL‐10 in response to LPS (n = 6–12, except negative controls and MFbCM only where n = 3). Data are mean ± SEM; ^* P < 0.05 versus untreated macrophages, #P < 0.05 versus IL‐4 + IL‐13, ξP < 0.05 compared with IL‐4 + IL‐13 + MFbCM‐treated macrophages; anova followed by Tukey's post hoc test.