Figure 8.

(+)‐Naltrexone and (+)‐naloxone do not inhibit LPS‐induced NF‐κB and MAPK activation. BV‐2 cells were stimulated with LPS (200 ng·mL⁻¹) and 200 μM (+)‐naltrexone/(+)‐naloxone for 90 min. It should be noted that the stimulation time of 90 min was chosen based on our previous study (Wang et al., 2012b) and other published studies (Lei et al., 2014). The phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF‐κB, p38, ERK1/2 and JNK was detected by Western blotting. Five independent experiments were performed (n = 5).