Table A.I.

Summary of concentration–response (C–R) coefficients of mortality related to long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and BC.

Reference	Health endpoint (mortality)	Location and study group	C–R coefficient per 1-µg/m3		BC/PM2.5 effect ratio	Coefficient of the correlation between PM2.5 and BC
			PM2.5	BC
Janssen et al. (2011)	All-cause	Meta-analysis, including 4 studies: 2 in the US, 1 in France and 1 in Netherlands2	0.007	0.058	8.4	N/A
Smith et al. (2010)	All-cause	66 US cities, American Cancer Society cohort, age > 30	0.006	0.058	9.8	N/A
	Cardiopulmonary		0.012	0.104	8.7
Lipfert et al. (2006)	All-cause	70,000 male, US veterans cohort	0.006	0.166	27.7	0.54
Beelen et al. (2008)	Natural-cause	120,852 adults aged 55–69; The Netherlands,	0.006	0.049	8.2	0.82
	Respiratory		0.007	0.182	26.1
	Cardiovascular		0.004	0.039	9.8
Filleul et al. (2005)	Natural-cause	14,284 adults, age 25–59, France	0.010	0.058	5.9	0.87
	Cardiopulmonary		0.012	0.049	4.1
Ostro et al. (2010)	All-cause	133,479 female school teachers, California	0.077	0.486	6.3	0.84
	Cardiopulmonary		0.091	0.523	5.8
Gan et al., (2011)	Coronary heart disease	452,735 residents, 45–85 years of age in Vancouver, Canada	0.013	0.039	3	0.13

²These four studies are also listed in this Table: Smith et al., 2010; Lipfert et al., 2006; Beelen et al., 2008; Filleul et al., 2005. The concentration–response coefficients of these four studies were converted from the Relative Risks listed in Table 2 in Janssen et al. (2012) rather than drawn directly from the original papers.