Fig. 5.

The integrated genetic and epigenetic cellular network for investigating the cellular mechanisms of normal and HIV-infected T cells at the first HIV-1 infection stage, i.e., the reverse transcription stage. The associations include those in HIV-infected cells (dotted lines), normal cells (dashed lines), and both cell types (solid lines). The bold lines indicate large genetic and epigenetic regulatory effects or genetic expression. Dysregulation of the signaling cascade from MIR9 to SUMO3 contributes to HIV-1 infection, hijacking CD4+ T cells via dysfunction of the immune and hormone pathways at the early infection stage