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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 Oct 17;24(3):465–472. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.09.015

Table 3.

Cross-sectional analysis at baseline: Current impact of cumulative lifetime smoking and OA symptoms for patients with radiographically confirmed knee OA, beta coefficients (95% confidence intervals (CI))

Mean (Standard Deviation) [high] pack years vs Never Smoked Beta coefficients (95%CI) [low] pack years vs Never Smoked Beta coefficients (95%CI)
Pain High: 4.6 (4.0)
Low: 4.2 (4.0)
Never: 3.9 (3.9)
Negative beta indicates less pain
Crude 0.69 (0.29 to 1.09) 0.26 (−0.16 to 0.69)
Multivariable-adjusted§ 0.36 (0.01 to 0.71) 0.23 (−0.11 to 0.57)

Stiffness High: 2.5 (1.8)
Low: 2.4 (1.8)
Never: 2.2 (1.8)
Negative beta indicates less stiffness
Crude 0.27 (0.09 to 0.46) 0.13 (−0.06 to 0.33)
Multivariable-adjusted§ 0.20 (0.03 to 0.37) 0.14 (−0.03 to 0.30)

Function High: 13.8 (12.6)
Low: 13.5 (13.4)
Never: 12.4 (12.7)
Negative beta indicates better function
Crude 1.39 (0.09 to 2.69) 1.05 (−0.32 to 2.41)
Multivariable-adjusted§ 0.60 (−0.48 to 1.69) 0.98 (−0.08 to 2.03)

Joint Space Width High: 4.9 mm (1.6)
Low: 5.1 mm (1.5)
Never: 5.0 mm (1.6)
Positive beta indicates better JSW
Crude −0.08 (−0.24 to 0.07) 0.16 (−0.01 to 0.32)
Multivariable-adjusted§ −0.05 (−0.19 to 0.09) 0.15 (0.02 to 0.28)
§

Adjusted for current smoking status, age (linear term), sex, race, education, K-L grade, and SF12 physical component scores