Table 1.

Research conducted by the tobacco companies on smoke composition that contradict the conclusions of the MBS

Company, year	Study	Finding (per cigarette unless noted)	Contradiction
Brown and Williamson 1955³⁰	Evaluated phenol in different kinds of tobacco	Burley tobacco 0.37 mg of phenol and 13.72 mg nicotine per litre Bright tobacco 0.508 mg phenol and 9.72 mg nicotine	Tobacco types have differences in phenol not predicted by nicotine
Brown and Williamson 1970³¹	Addition of urea to cigarettes	A Viceroy cigarette with 5% added urea had 2.06 mg nicotine, 23.1 mg tar and 279 μg acetaldehyde A Viceroy water treated control (no urea) had 1.98 mg nicotine, 24.4 mg tar and 509 μg acetaldehyde	Urea can be used to make aceltaldehyde not predicted by nicotine or tar
PM 1971³²	Study of single blend cigarettes (eg, 100% burley)	Turkish tobacco 1.63 mg of nicotine 0.92 mg of acetaldehyde and −0.19 mg HCN Bright tobacco 3.07 mg of nicotine, 0.97 mg acetaldehyde and 0.22 mg HCN	Constituent levels not accurately predicted by nicotine
RJR 1973³³	Comparing smoke chemistry to RJR and PM reconstituted tobacco	RJR reconstituted tobacco 0.59 mg, 810 μg acetaldehyde and 41.5 μg formaldehyde Marlboro reconstituted tobacco 2.2 mg nicotine, 840 μg acetaldehyde and 22.9 μg	Smoke composition not accurately predicted by nicotine for cigarettes with different kinds of reconstituted tobacco
PM 1981³⁴	Discussing use of regression equation for predicting acrolein	PM scientists acknowledge an equation that includes phosphorous, sugar and scopeletin (a coumarin) is best for predicting acrolein levels	Equation including other ingredients besides nicotine are best for predicting smoke chemistry contradicts hypothesis they can be predicted from nicotine alone
PM 1983³⁵	Fertiliser impact on 100% Burley cigarettes	Burley with special fertiliser (0.36–0.64 mg) NO and (1.57–3.88 mg) nicotine Burley normal fertiliser (0.10–0.14 mg/cig NO and 1.74– 3.10 mg nicotine)	Presence of fertiliser results in differences in NO in ways not predicted by nicotine
RJR 1985³⁶	Addition of a specific kind of salt (MENSA) to RJR brands	MENSA reduced formaldehyde by 25%, acrolein by 15% and other aldehydes by 17% with no significant impact on CO	Special salt on filter changes smoke chemistry in ways not predicted by CO
PM 1987³⁷	Glycerol and/or propylene glycol added to filler of cigarette	Increase of 5.4% glycerol resulted in 50% increase of acrolein and 350% increase in formaldehyde sidestream smoke with no changes in co, nicotine or dry particulate matter	Glycerin and propylene glycol change sidestream smoke deliveries in way not predicted by CO, nicotine or tar
Lorillard 1989³⁸	Evaluating the impact of urea on smoke chemistry	A Viceroy cigarette with 5% added urea had 2.06 mg nicotine, 23.1 mg tar and 279 μg acetaldehyde A Viceroy water treated control (no urea) had 1.98 mg nicotine, 24.4 mg tar and 509 μg acetaldehyde	Urea changes aceltaldehyde in ways not predicted by nicotine or tar
Lorillard 1992³⁹	Evaluation of adding magnesium nitrate on smoke	Addition of 5% magnesium nitrate had 9 μg hydroquinone and 10 μg catechol compared to a control cigarette with 109 μg hydroquinone and 100 μg catechol with no changes in tar	Magnesium nitrate additives change smoke chemistry in ways not predicted by tar

HCN, hydrogen cyanide; MBS, Massachusetts Benchmark Study; NO, nitric oxide; PM, Philip Morris; RJR, RJ Reynolds.