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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Oct 22;91:143–153. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.408

Figure 1. Effect of 4-HNE on platelet aggregation and platelet rupture.

Figure 1

(A) Platelets were incubated with either HNE (0–30 µM), 4-HNE (30 µM), nonanal (30 µM), or 1-nonanol (30 µM) for 1h, followed by the addition of thrombin and monitoring of aggregation by light transmittance. Nonanal and 1-nonanol were used as non-electrophilic controls. (B) Platelets were treated with 4-HNE alone (0–50 µM) for 1h or in combination with thrombin (30 min), after which the samples were lysed and LDH activity was measured in the media and in the lysed platelets. Data expressed as mean ± SEM from one representative donor, n = 3 (Panel A) N = 5 donors and (B) N = 2 donors. *p<0.05, different from thrombin treatment, ## represents 4-HNE vs. A-HNE.