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. 2015 May 11;35(7):827–832. doi: 10.1038/onc.2015.153

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Copyright © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited

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A model for the step-wise progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Adenoma development may require abrogation of both the differentiation program and oncogene surveillance. These two events could occur independently: for example, the differentiation program could be abrogated by silencing of Nkx2-1, and oncogene surveillance mechanism could be disabled by p53 deletion. Alternatively, the two events could occur simultaneously by inactivation Runx3, allowing adenoma cells to progress to adenocarcinoma upon oncogenic Ras mutation.