FIG. 1.

(A, B) Time course profiles of body (A) and brain (B) temperature during an 8-hour selective brain cooling (SBC) period followed by spontaneous rewarming in anesthetized rats. (C) SBC significantly reduced brain lesion volume (mm³) measured at 3 days postinjury (DPI). (D) SBC had no effect on delayed lesion cavity measured at 21 DPI (expressed as % tissue loss relative to the contralateral hemisphere). (E) SBC significantly reduced glial fibrillary acetic protein (GFAP) stained activation of astrocytes measured at 3 DPI. (F) SBC significantly reduced OX-18 stained activation of microglial cells measured at 3 DPI. * indicates p < 0.05 (penetrating ballistic-like brain injury [PBBI] vs. PBBI+SBC).