Table 6.

Distinguishing among possible explanations for significant findings in PHE testing.

Other evidence in the data	Mechanisms consistent with the evidence
Haplotype over-transmitted to affected offspring and…mothers of boys and fathers of girls are relatively enriched with the haplotype	Actual effect of the fetally-inherited haplotype
No evident transmission distortion and the evident asymmetry across parents in the PHE analysis does not reverse directions depending on sex of the affected offspring	Actual violation of PHE (due to nonrandom mating)* or Actual maternally-mediated effect of the haplotype

^*Conclusion strengthened if exclusion of ethnically-mixed marriages removes the apparent violation of PHE.