Table 4. Multivariate analysis of contrast-induced nephropathy25%/0.5 risk predictors.
| Variables | Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| B vs. A | 1.49 | 0.83–2.66 | 0.181 | 1.33 | 0.67–2.65 | 0.414 |
| C vs. A | 1.26 | 0.83–1.90 | 0.285 | 1.18 | 0.72–1.93 | 0.513 |
| C vs. B | 0.84 | 0.43~1.64 | 0.618 | 0.88 | 0.41~1.93 | 0.758 |
| Female sex | 1.25 | 0.88–1.76 | 0.210 | 1.52 | 1.01–2.28 | 0.045 |
| Age >75 years | 2.16 | 1.52–3.08 | <0.001 | 1.81 | 1.14–2.86 | 0.012 |
| Hydration volume <960 mL | 0.56 | 0.41–0.78 | <0.001 | 0.66 | 0.44–0.98 | 0.040 |
| ACEI/ARB | 1.06 | 0.64–1.73 | 0.828 | 0.95 | 0.52–1.72 | 0.861 |
| Anaemia | 1.66 | 1.21–2.29 | 0.002 | 1.28 | 0.87–1.89 | 0.209 |
| CHF | 2.41 | 1.68–3.46 | <0.001 | 1.53 | 0.98–2.41 | 0.064 |
| CrCl | 0.98 | 0.97–0.99 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.287 |
| DM | 1.24 | 0.87–1.76 | 0.236 | 1.04 | 0.68–1.58 | 0.857 |
| LVEF <40% | 1.57 | 0.98–2.50 | 0.060 | 1.44 | 0.84–2.47 | 0.181 |
| Contrast volume | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.838 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.849 |
| Multivessel coronary disease | 1.69 | 1.18–2.43 | 0.005 | 1.65 | 0.98–2.78 | 0.059 |
| IABP | 6.01 | 3.06–11.79 | <0.001 | 3.25 | 1.47–7.20 | 0.004 |
| Hypotension | 5.06 | 2.21–11.61 | <0.001 | 1.60 | 0.48–5.33 | 0.443 |
| No. of stents used | 1.06 | 0.93–1.20 | 0.366 | 0.96 | 0.80–1.15 | 0.684 |
| Procedural duration | 1.22 | 0.85–1.74 | 0.281 | 1.03 | 0.65–1.62 | 0.897 |
| CCB | 1.14 | 0.78–1.68 | 0.494 | 1.00 | 0.64–1.57 | 1.000 |
Group A = without chronic total occlusion (CTO); Group B = un-attempted CTO-PCI; Group C = attempted CTO-PCI; ACEI/ARB = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker; CHF = congestive heart failure; CrCl = creatinine clearance rate; DM = diabetes mellitus; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; CCB = calcium channel blockers.