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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2015 Sep 29;135(6):1062–1079. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13348

Figure 1. System xc−.

Figure 1

System xc− is composed of the 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) and the light chain, xCT, which are linked by a disulfide bond (-S-S-). System xc− imports cystine in exchange for glutamate. Cystathionine represents another transported substrate for system xc− of which it is not known whether it is preferentially imported or exported from neuronal cells. Homocysteic acid and α-amino adipate are other potentially relevant substrates in vivo. System xc− activity can be modulated by phosphorylation of xCT (-P).