Table 1.

Five organisational case studies in the SCALS (Studies in Co-creating Assisted Living Solutions) programme to date

Title	Organisation	Service challenge	Goal	Policy challenge	Technology(ies)
Case 1: Integrated care for people with multimorbidity	Clinical Commissioning Group in a deprived, multiethnic outer London borough (health sector)	To introduce and optimise home-based care for patients with complex needs	To prevent unnecessary hospital admission and reduce costs	Delivering integrated care that is truly ‘seamless’ to people with complex needs	For individuals: range of telecare devices (eg, alarms), mobility aids (eg, stair lifts), medical devices used at home (eg, oxygen) provided by health and social services and own adaptations of the home environment. For service providers: shared electronic care plans and ‘virtual ward’ database.
Case 2: Global Positioning System (GPS) ‘tagging’ for people with cognitive impairment	Council in a deprived, multiethnic inner London borough (social care sector)	To provide GPS devices to people with memory impairment (mild to moderate dementia)	To enable people to walk around their locality without fear of getting lost, and to reduce the risk of emergency callouts for lost citizens	Ethics and practicalities of ‘tagging’	Considering various tracking devices for example, ‘Buddi’ (http://www.buddi.co.uk)); ‘Vega watch (http://www.everon.fi/en/solutions/vega-gps-safety-solution-and-bracelet).
Case 3: Telehealth for heart failure	Acute trust and clinical commissioning group in south midlands university city (health sector)	To introduce and optimise telehealth services for patients with heart failure	To maximise quality and length of life and reduce emergency hospital admissions	Delivering care closer to home	Telehealth technologies (especially for weight and blood oxygen levels); video consultations via Skype or Facetime.
Case 4: Maximising uptake of telehealth and telecare	Clinical commissioning group in moderately deprived west midlands town (health sector)	To support delivery of telehealth and telecare through multiagency working	To improve the patient experience, reduce hospital admissions, save money	Delivering care closer to home	Range of telehealth and telecare technologies.
Case 5: Digital technology to reduce health and social care utilisation	Council in moderately deprived north-western town (social care sector)	To improve the experience of care and service efficiency	To empower citizens (including digital literacy), build cross-sector partnerships and share digital records	‘To prevent people becoming patients’	No specific technologies at this stage: considering a range of apps, software packages, devices. To date, one has been tried but rejected as unfit for purpose.