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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Apr 2;84:254–262. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.021

Figure 5. Old and Sod1−/− LAL muscles have reduced sarcoplasmic calcium levels upon stimulation.

Figure 5

(A) Bright-field and fluorescent images of a young LAL muscle fiber loaded with fluo-4 and stimulated with single stimulus (twitch) and 2s, 30Hz stimulus train. (B) Representative traces showing kinetics of fluo-4 fluorescent responses to twitches and a 2s, 30Hz stimulus train in young, old and Sod1−/− LAL muscle fibers. The inset is a magnified single fluo-4 twitch response from young LAL. (C) Average fluo-4 fluorescent response amplitudes to twitch (left) and 2s, 30Hz stimulus train (right) in young, old and Sod1−/− LAL muscle fibers. (D) Twitch calcium clearance time constants (time to 50% of the peak) calculated for young, old and Sod1−/− LAL muscle fibers. (E) Average fluo-4 fluorescent responses in muscle fibers induced by application of 2 mM caffeine to young, old and Sod1−/− LAL. Error bars are SEMs.