Table 2.

Haemodynamic variables at rest and peak exercise.

	Rest				Peak exercise
	Young	Old	P value	All participants	Young	Old	P value	All participants
Stroke volume (ml/beat)	107.6 ± 19.8	82.3 ± 19.3	0.003	99.2 ± 22.8	106.0 ± 22.4	135.2 ± 43.9	0.020	115.7 ± 31.5
Heart rate (beats/min)	65.0 ± 8.0	71.9 ± 9.6	0.111	67.9 ± 8.3	171.9 ± 10.1	145.1 ± 13.3	0.001	163.0 ± 16.6
Cardiac output (L/min)	7.1 ± 1.2	5.8 ± 1.0	0.004	6.6 ± 1.4	18.2 ± 3.7	16.8 ± 4.9	0.462	17.7 ± 2.0
Cardiac power output (Watts)	1.5 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.3	0.082	1.4 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.9	5.0 ± 1.7	0.855	4.9 ± 0.6
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	132 ± 14	138 ± 17	0.241	133 ± 14	196 ± 19	208 ± 16	0.080	200 ± 17
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg	78 ± 8	81 ± 9	0.325	79 ± 8	84 ± 12	95 ± 15	0.074	88 ± 15
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	95 ± 7	100 ± 10	0.205	97 ± 8	122 ± 9	133 ± 12	0.024	125 ± 9
Systemic vascular resistance to blood flow (dyn/s−1/cm−5)	1117 ± 211	1427 ± 279	0.008	1220 ± 247	560 ± 132	682 ± 224	0.137	601 ± 75
Augmentation index (%)	2.5 ± 10.1	27.7 ± 10.1	0.001	10.9 ± 15.4