Table 5.
Odds of clinically significant problems on BRIEF subscale by CHD group as compared to controls
| TGA | TOF | SVF | CHD-Group Pairwise Comparisons |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | ||
| BRIEF Parent | ||||||||||
| Inhibit | .30 | 1.77 | 0.61–5.14 | .04 | 3.21 | 1.05–9.85 | .003 | 4.46 | 1.65–12.07 | -- |
| Shift | .008 | 5.43 | 1.56–18.87 | <.001 | 9.81 | 2.72–35.41 | .001 | 8.28 | 2.44–28.04 | -- |
| Emot. Control | .02 | 6.01 | 1.35–26.82 | .02 | 6.51 | 1.35–31.50 | .003 | 9.57 | 2.20–41.67 | -- |
| Initiate | .01 | 3.14 | 1.30–7.60 | .002 | 4.61 | 1.79–11.86 | <.001 | 6.87 | 2.95–15.99 | SVF > TGA** (OR = 1.16) |
| Working Memory | .001 | 8.33 | 2.45–28.32 | <.001 | 13.40 | 3.78–47.51 | <.001 | 17.80 | 5.35–59.22 | SVF > TGA** (OR = 1.16) |
| Plan/Organize | <.001 | 8.03 | 2.74–23.56 | <.001 | 10.30 | 3.33–31.87 | <.001 | 13.13 | 4.55–37.87 | -- |
| Org. of Materials | .005 | 3.09 | 1.40–6.82 | .01 | 3.08 | 1.26–7.51 | .005 | 3.08 | 1.40–6.76 | -- |
| Monitor | <.001 | 6.27 | 2.54–15.50 | <.001 | 7.02 | 2.65–18.64 | <.001 | 7.10 | 2.89–17.42 | -- |
| BRIEF Teacher | ||||||||||
| Inhibit | .84 | 1.17 | 0.27–5.00 | .01 | 5.81 | 1.49–22.68 | .13 | 2.80 | 0.75–10.43 | TOF > TGA** (OR = 1.23) |
| Shift | .07 | 2.53 | 0.92–6.91 | .08 | 2.64 | 0.89–7.85 | .07 | 2.54 | 0.94–6.86 | -- |
| Emot. Control | .07 | 3.31 | 0.89–12.34 | .05 | 3.95 | 0.99–15.72 | .12 | 2.80 | 0.76–10.38 | -- |
| Initiate | .01 | 3.52 | 1.31–9.47 | .06 | 2.83 | 0.96–8.33 | .004 | 4.14 | 1.56–10.98 | -- |
| Working Memory | .01 | 3.65 | 1.34–9.89 | .02 | 3.57 | 1.22–10.48 | .004 | 4.19 | 1.57–11.20 | -- |
| Plan/Organize | .002 | 5.04 | 1.79–14.20 | .008 | 4.49 | 1.48–13.65 | .009 | 3.97 | 1.41–11.21 | -- |
| Org. of Materials | .20 | 2.03 | 0.69–5.99 | .05 | 3.13 | 1.00–9.82 | .034 | 3.13 | 1.09–8.94 | -- |
| Monitor | .01 | 4.20 | 1.33–13.28 | .02 | 4.53 | 1.34–15.34 | .009 | 4.54 | 1.46–14.15 | -- |
| BRIEF Self (≥ 60) | ||||||||||
| Inhibit | .006 | 4.10 | 1.50–11.25 | .04 | 3.37 | 1.09–10.42 | .07 | 2.64 | 0.92–7.60 | -- |
| Shift | .003 | 3.78 | 1.58–9.03 | .01 | 3.64 | 1.37–9.68 | <.001 | 6.00 | 2.54–14.19 | -- |
| Emot. Control | .01 | 3.59 | 1.30–9.90 | .01 | 4.24 | 1.40–12.82 | .003 | 4.67 | 1.70–12.81 | -- |
| Monitor | .005 | 3.34 | 1.45–7.71 | .14 | 2.09 | 0.78–5.62 | .56 | 1.32 | 0.52–3.35 | TGA > SVF** (OR = 1.13) |
| Working Memory | .04 | 2.09 | 1.03–4.24 | .15 | 1.85 | 0.80–4.28 | .006 | 2.69a | 1.33–5.44 | -- |
| Plan/Organize | .006 | 2.92a | 1.36–6.27 | .08 | 2.24 | 0.91–5.53 | .10 | 1.98 | 0.88–4.44 | -- |
| Org. of Materials | .11 | 1.76 | 0.88–3.54 | .32 | 1.54 | 0.66–3.56 | .42 | 1.36 | 0.65–2.84 | -- |
| Task Completion | .08 | 1.81 | 0.93–3.52 | .25 | 1.58 | 0.72–3.49 | .08 | 1.85 | 0.94–3.64 | -- |
Note. CHD = congenital heart disease; TGA = dextro-transposition of the great arteries; TOF = tetralogy of Fallot; SVF = single-ventricle children/adolescents who underwent the Fontan procedure; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval for OR. Variables were dichotomized using 1.5 SD above population mean for parents/teachers, 1.0 SD for self-report. Boldface denotes significant odds ratios. Only significant CHD-group pairwise comparisons are presented.
a
The overall group effect was not significant (p > 0.031). Pairwise differences were not assessed for statistical significance.
*
p ≤ .031,
**
p ≤ .01,
***
p ≤ .001.