Table S1.
The quality assessment of the included studies
| Item (item number) | Briesacher et al26 | Eakin et al27 | Geller et al20 | Harrsion et al23 | McNamara et al28 | Modi et al24 | Oermann et al25 | Ramsey et al22 | Regnault et al21 | Wertz et al29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title and abstract | ||||||||||
| (la) | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – |
| (lb) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Introduction | ||||||||||
| Background/rationale (2) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Objectives (3) | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Methods | ||||||||||
| Study design (4) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Setting (5) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Participants (6a) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Participants (6b) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Variables (7) | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Data sources/measurement (8) | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ? | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Bias (9) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ? | – | ? | – |
| Study size (10) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Quantitative variables (11) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Statistical methods (12a) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Statistical methods (12b) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Statistical methods (12c) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – |
| Statistical methods (12d) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Statistical methods (12e) | – | – | ? | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Results | ||||||||||
| Participants (13a) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Participants (13b) | ? | ✓ | – | ✓ | ? | ✓ | – | – | – | ? |
| Participants (13c) | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ |
| Descriptive data (14a) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Descriptive data (14b) | – | – | ? | ? | – | ? | ✓ | – | ✓ | – |
| Descriptive data (14c) | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Outcome data (15) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Main results (16a) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Main results (16b) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Main results (16c) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Other analyses (17) | ✓ | – | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ? |
| Discussion | ||||||||||
| Key results (18) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Limitations (19) | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ? | ✓ | ✓ |
| Interpretation (20) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ |
| Generalizability (21) | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Other information | ||||||||||
| Funding (22) | ✓ | ✓ | ? | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| The proportion of adequately reported items (“✓” responses) of all applicable item (%) | 63% | 70% | 70% | 70% | 52% | 67% | 67% | 70% | 73% | 73% |
Notes: ✓, yes; –, no; ?, partially.
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.