Figure 1.
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and examples of drugs targeting each of its components.
Note: RSK, 90 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase. Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Rodon et al.28, copyright 2013.
Abbreviations: 4E-BP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1; BAD, BCL-2 antagonist of cell death; CDKN1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; FASLG, Fas antigen ligand; FoxO, forkhead box O; GFR, growth factor receptor; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase-3; HIF1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1; INPP4B, type II inositol 3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase; mTORC, mTOR complex; PDK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-biphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate; PRAS40, proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; RPS6, 40S ribosomal protein S6.