Fig. 5.

Expression of transcripts encoding putative EV biogenesis pathway members across the intramammalian lifecycle stages of F. hepatica. Heatmaps are colored on a log₂ scale with up-regulation in red and down-regulation in blue relative to metacercariae, depicting log fold change between developmental stages, grouped by hierarchical clustering. The F. hepatica life-cycle stages analyzed are: newly excysted juveniles (NEJ; 1-, 3- and 24-h postexcystment), 21-day old immature liver-stage flukes (Juv_21d), and adult flukes from the bile duct.