Table 3.
Odds ratios and confidence intervals for words following utterance-initial part-word and whole-word repetitions.
Predictor Variable | B (SSR/WWR) | OR (SSR/WWR) | SE (SSR/WWR) | Lower CI (SSR/WWR) | Upper CI (SSR/WWR) | p (SSR/WWR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phonetic Complexity | 0.154 / 0.055 | 1.166 / 1.057 | 0.201 / 0.178 | 0.786 / 0.746 | 1.729 / 1.497 | .445 / .756 |
Phonotactic Probability | ||||||
Segmental | −0.075 / 0.390 | 0.928 / 1.477 | 0.344 / 0.329 | 0.473 / 0.776 | 1.822 / 2.814 | .828 / .235 |
Biphone | 0.327 / −0.158 | 1.387 / 0.854 | 0.308 / 0.309 | 0.759 / 0.467 | 2.535 / 1.564 | .288 / .610 |
Word Frequency | 0.423 / −0.465 | 1.527 / 0.628 | 0.397 / 0.259 | 0.701 / 0.378 | 3.324 / 1.043 | .286 / .072 |
Neighborhood Density | −0.048 / −0.009 | 0.953 / 0.991 | 0.035 / 0.030 | 0.890 / 0.934 | 1.020 / 1.050 | .167 / .752 |
Neighborhood Frequency | 0.315 / 0.242 | 1.370 / 1.274 | 0.395 / 0.317 | 0.632 / 0.685 | 2.971 / 2.370 | .425 / .445 |
Grammatical Class - Content Word | 0.504 / 0.258 | 1.655 / 1.294 | 0.547 / 0.511 | 0.567 / 0.475 | 4.831 / 3.523 | .357 / .614 |
Length of Utterance | 0.456 / 0.027 | 1.577 / 1.027 | 0.229 / 0.231 | 1.007 / 0.653 | 2.469 / 1.616 | .046* / .908 |
Syntactic Complexity | −0.186 / 0.543 | 0.830 / 1.722 | 0.270 / 0.278 | 0.489 / 0.746 | 1.408 / 2.967 | .489 / .050 |
Individual Participant Variability | 1.921 / 0.357 | 6.827 / 1.429 | 0.794 / 0.608 | 1.439 / 0.434 | 32.387 / 4.702 | .016* / .557 |
Note: SSR: single-sound repetitions; WWR: whole-word repetitions; B: coefficient; OR: odds ratios; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval (95%); phonotactic probability scores (segmental and biphone) calculated using z-scores; age measured in months; length of utterance and syntactic complexity calculated using z-scores based on participant mean and standard deviation;
p < .05.