Figure 4. XMCD in total electron yield at the Mn L_2,3-edges.

(a) X-ray absorption spectra measured for opposite helicities of the circularly polarized incident light at 5 K with an out-of-plane applied magnetic field of 3 T. A sketch of the experimental geometry is also shown. (b) Corresponding XMCD difference spectrum. The inset shows XMCD measurements for different applied magnetic fields. (c) Temperature dependence of the remanent XMCD for a Mn concentration of x=0.04. Inset: detailed temperature dependence for x=0.04 and 0.08. (d) To re-examine the bulk magnetic properties, field-cooling measurements are obtained under an in-plane (ip) and out-of-plane (oop) applied magnetic field of 10 mT using SQUID magnetometry. The temperature dependence for x=0.04 and 0.08 compares well with the surface-sensitive measurements shown in the inset of (c). (e) XMCD-PEEM image obtained using photoelectron microscopy for x=0.08 at room temperature, revealing the absence of magnetic domains with partial or full out-of-plane magnetic order. Scale bar, 500 μm (horizontal white-solid line).