Figure 3.

T helper cell (Th) differentiation is altered in SMAR1-deficient T cells. Naive T cells were isolated from wild-type (WT) and SMAR1^cKO mice and cultured in vitro under Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation conditions. (a) Intracellular cytokine staining of control and SMAR1-deficient T cells polarized for 4 days under Th1, Th2, and Th17 conditions, stained with anti-IFN-γ, anti-IL-4, and anti-IL-17 with naive CD4⁺ T cells (Th0) used as control. IL, interleukin; IFN-γ, interferon-γ SMAR1^cKO, T cell-specific conditional knockout mice. (b–e) Quantitative analysis of relative mRNA expression for IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-4, and IL-17 respectively, by real-time PCR under naive (N), Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-polarized cells from SMAR1^cKO and WT mice. Culture supernatants were collected at various time points as mentioned in the figures and cytokine secretion was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). T-bet, T-box protein expressed in T cells. (f–h) IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 cytokine levels, respectively. All the results are representative of three independent experiments. *P<0.01, **P<0.005.