Table 5. Characteristics of pharmacogenetic tests that predict adverse drug reactions.

Drug	Gene	Test	Performance characteristics	Reference
Abacavir	HLA-B*5701	The HLA-B*5701 allele is associated with hypersensitivity reaction. Carriers should avoid abacavir.	Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 96.9% PPV: 47.9% NPV: 100%	37
Carbamazepine	HLA-B*1502	The HLA-B*1502 allele is associated with SJS-TEN in Han Chinese. Carriers should avoid carbamazepine.	Sensitivity: 98.3% Specificity: 97% PPV: 7.7% NPV: 100%	38
Purine analogues	TPMT	Impute 2 SNPs to identify patients with zero wildtype alleles, as they are at high risk of myelotoxicity.	Sensitivity: 100% Specificity: 99.0% PPV: 80.6% NPV: 100%	39

Abbreviations: HLA, human leukocyte antigen; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.