Fig. 1.

Antioxidant enzymes modulate myogenic proliferation and differentiation. SOD, GPX, HO-1 induce proliferation of mSC and myoblasts by decreasing ROS or p57. CAT may inhibit myogenic proliferation, since certain level of ROS is needed to induce it. GPX-1 was shown to augment fusion of myoblasts depending on ROS-mediated decrease in NF-κB activity. HO-1 impairs final differentiation by decreasing activity of c/EBPδ, expression of myomirs and increasing SDF-1α. Expression of SOD1, 2, 3, CAT and GPX is downregulated during progression of myogenic differentiation, what correlates reversely with the level of mortality of different myogenic populations in oxidative stress conditions. Graphic provided by http://www.servier.com/Powerpoint-image-bank was used and modified for preparation of the figure