Table 3.
An overview of the scored parameters collected from the selected literature
| Article | Outcome parameter | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Timing and technique of premaxillary correction | ||
| Grabowski et al. (2006) | Orthopaedic and orthodontic treatment starting at an early age: | |
| N = 18 Good results no osteotomy required. | ||
| Two patients with crossbite | ||
| Class III in three patients | ||
| Liou et al. (2004) | Orthopaedic and orthodontic treatment between 8 and 11 years: | |
| N = 8 correction of the premaxilla using a distractor | ||
| Overbite reduction to 0.7 mm | ||
| Cronin et al. (1957) | Surgery during neonatal period | Bad outcome for maxillary growth |
| Bishara et al. (1972) | Osteotomy during neonatal period, compared with no osteotomy: | Early osteotomy has a bad outcome on maxillary growth |
| SNA significantly smaller in osteotomy group. | ||
| SNB negative | ||
| Concave soft tissue profile | ||
| Heidbüchel et al. (1993) | Orthodontics and osteotomy: | After osteotomy, better inclination of maxillary incisors |
| N = 22 prior to surgery orthodontic intrusion of the premaxilla. After osteotomy, SNA decreased by 2.02 | ||
| Scott et al. (2007) | Age 8–12 years, good results surgical correction of the premaxilla. | Collagen membrane was used to close the nasal mucosal layer |
| Koh et al. (2013) | N = 51, 36 patients treated with bone grafting only. | |
| N = 7 wide cleft, good premaxillary position. Treated with a distractor | ||
| N = 8 surgical repositioning of premaxilla. | ||
| Brouns et al. (1980) | N = 31 surgical repositioning of premaxilla | |
| In the Angle class I and II groups, good occlusion | ||
| In the Angle class III group, good occlusion | ||
| In the class IV group, good occlusion | ||
| Akita et al. (2006) | N = 17 divided into two groups | |
| N = 10 no premaxillary osteotomy | ||
| N = 7 premaxillary osteotomy | ||
| Aburezq et al. (2006) | N = 4 osteotomy combined with secondary alveolar bone grafting. | |
| Freihofer et al. (1991) | N = 13 surgical repositioning of the premaxilla between 8 and 12 years | |
| N = 8 preoperative orthodontics | ||
| N = 10 postoperative orthodontics | ||
| Geraedts et al. (2007) | N = 40 combination of pre-orthodontic treatment and repositioning of the premaxilla between 8 and 12 years | |
| Narayanan et al. (2006) | Tertiary osteotomy in children in developing countries. | Children were not operated on until the tertiary osteotomy |
| Stability of the position of the premaxilla and bone volume | ||
| Scott et al. (2007) | N = 15 iliac crest bone transplants, all successful | |
| 93.96 % bone volume preserved after 3 months | ||
| Koh et al. (2013) | In 96.1 % of patients, more than 50 % transplant bone volume was preserved | |
| Brouns et al. (Brouns & Egyedi, (1980) | Of the Angle class I and II patients N = 17, N = 11, consolidation no premaxillary instability | |
| Angle class III group N = 13, N = 11 good consolidation | ||
| N = 2 remaining unstable premaxilla | ||
| Class IV N = 1 group stable premaxilla | ||
| Carlini et al. (2009) | N = 50, 45 patients no mobility of the premaxilla. | |
| Akita et al. (2006) | The amount of bone required to fill the cleft was significantly lower in the osteotomy group. | |
| Aburezq et al. (2006) | N = 3 with good consolidation and more than 50 % bone volume left. | After trauma |
| N = 1 unstable premaxilla | ||
| Freihofer et al. (1991) | N = 9 rib bone | |
| N = 3 mandibular bone | ||
| N = 1 local bone | ||
| N = 12 premaxilla stable and more than 50 % of bone preserved | ||
| Narayanan et al. (2006) | Uninhibited growth up to time of surgery on the premaxilla. | |
| Effects of surgery or orthodontic intervention on maxillary growth | ||
| Cronin et al. (1957) | Surgery during neonatal period with disastrous effect on growth | |
| Bishara et al. (1972) | Surgery during neonatal period with bad effect on maxillary growth | |
| Geraedts et al. (2007) | N = 27 acceptable profile at the end of follow-up | |
| N = 13 hypoplastic midface for which a Le Fort I procedure was carried out | ||
| No significant differences between osteotomy and non-osteotomy groups | ||
| Padwa et al. (1991) | N = 24 comparing three groups, for the effect of age on midfacial growth at time of surgery. Youngest group 6 years old. | |
| No delay in midfacial growth in any of the groups. | ||
| Complications reported in the literature | ||
| Heidbüchel et al. (1993) | Premaxillary necrosis in one patient (5 %) | |
| Scott et al. (2007) | N = 15, three patients with wound dehiscence | |
| Brouns et al. (1980) | In the class III group, 11 patients with residual fistula, no necrosis of the premaxilla | |
| Carlini et al. (2009) | N = 50 successful premaxilla repositioning and bone grafting in 48 patients. Two patients with premaxillary necrosis. | |
| Aburezq et al. (2006) | No necrosis of the premaxilla. One patient with residual fistula | |
| Freihofer et al. (1991) | N = 1 necrosis of the bone transplants on both sides | |
| Geraedts et al. (2007) | N = 1 recurrent oronasal fistula | |