Table 1.

Pharmacological modulators and specific inhibitors of glycogen metabolism

Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors	Pharmacological modulators of glycogen metabolism	GAA/1,4-α-glucosidase inhibitors
(i) Active site inhibitors	Sodium tungstate (increases glycogen synthesis)	Acarbose
e.g. DAB	Metformin (depletes glycogen)	Miglitol
(ii) AMP site inhibitors	Lithium (stimulates or inhibits glycogen synthesis)	Voglibose
e.g. BAY1807	Valproate (decreases glycogen content)
BAYR3401	Dichloroacetate (increases glycogen accumulation)
(iii) Indole carboxamide site inhibitors
e.g. CP91149
Ingliforib (CP368296)
CP316819
CP320626
(iv) Purine nucleoside site inhibitors
e.g. Olefin derivatives

Four major classes of glycogen phosphorylases inhibitors. Commercially available inhibitors that block the activity of the GAA enzyme. Compounds which have shown in the literature that modulates glycogen metabolism