Figure 3.

Immunohistochemical staining of resident memory T cells in RE and FCD patient brain parenchyma. Serial 5 μm sections of brain tissue from two RE (RECP27 and RECP34) and two FCD surgery cases (CD18 and CD19) were stained with CD3 and CD103 antibodies. Immunostaining was visualized with a peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody and 3, 3′-diaminobenzidine substrate (brown reaction product). Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. The same clusters of CD3⁺ T cells (A) comprise CD103⁺ cells (B). Scattered T cells in brain parenchyma express CD103 (C,D), but very few T cells in perivascular space are CD103⁺ (C,D). In FCD, CD3⁺ T cells (E,G) are confined to perivascular spaces and do not express CD103 (F,H). Insets show magnified views of the areas marked by a red arrow. Scale bars correspond to 100 and 25 μm (insets).