Table 3. Role of the differentially expressed genes in virus infection or cell process.

AccID	Gene Description (Duck)	Gene Description (Blast to Human)	FPKM value			Expression	Function indicated in virus infection or cell process	References
			Con-PDH	DMSO-8d	FBS-8d
Virus infection related DEGs
FTH1	Ferritin	Ferritin heavy chain	21370	8968	2102	down	Serum ferritin used as a predictor of host response to hepatitis B virus infection; HCV infection increased levels of serum ferritin.	Lustbader ED, et al., Science, 1983, 220:423–425 Garrido Serrano A, et al., Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2001, 93:639–48 Shan Y, et al., Clin Infect Dis, 2005, 40:834–41
CREB3L1	Uncharacterized protein	highly similar to Homo sapiens cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 1 (CREB3L1)	1	2	25	up	Activated in response to virus infection to inhibit proliferation of virus-infected cells; proteolytically cleaved upon viral infection.	Denard B, et al., Cell Host Microbe, 2011, 10:65–74 Ye J,Biochim Biophys Acta, 2013, 1828:2926–32
FDPS	Uncharacterized protein	Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase	405	189	73	down	Reduction of FPPS levels inhibited influenza virus release and replication.	Wang X, et al., Cell Host Microbe, 2007, 2:96–105.
IRS2	insulin receptor substrate 2	Insulin receptor substrate-2	8	3	1	down	Down-regulated by HCV infection.	Kawaguchi T, et al., Am J Pathol, 2004, 165:1499–508.
PLA2G4A	Uncharacterized protein	highly similar to Homo sapiens phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) (PLA2G4A)	0	5	53	up	Being crucial for the production of highly infectious HCV progeny; up-regulated in the cell lines infected with influenza virus.	Menzel N, et al., 2012, PLoS Pathog, 8: e1002829. Billharz R, et al., 2009, J Virol, 83:10557–10570.
Liver-specific Genes
CFI	Uncharacterized protein	Complement factor I	22	7	1	down	An essential proteinase for regulating the complement cascade.	Ullman CG, et al., Mol Immunol, 1998, 35:503–12.
RELN	Uncharacterized protein	Reelin	6	3	0	down	Reduced expression of reelin (RELN) gene is associated with high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma.	Okamura Y, et al., Ann Surg Oncol, 2011, 18:572–9.
CES2	LOC101790670	Carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver)	64	14	1	down	Being responsible for the hydrolysis or transesterification of various xenobiotics and the major intestinal enzyme and functions in intestine drug clearance.	Taketani M, et al., Life Sci. 2007, 81(11):924–32
CYP3A4	LOC101799795	Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4	552	22	0	down	Being the most abundantly expressed drug-metabolizing P450 enzyme in human liver and catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism.	Raucy JL, et al., Drug Metab Dispos. 2003, 31(5):533–9. Martínez-Jiménez CP, et al., Curr Drug Metab, 2007,8(2):185–94.
ADH1A	Uncharacterized protein	Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	132	60	11	down	Catalyzing the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes.	Lange LG, Biochemistry, 1976, 15(21): 4687–93.
GSTA1	LOC101797566	Glutathione S-transferase A1	601	209	9	down	Function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds by conjugation with glutathione.	Karpusas M, et al., PLoS One. 2013, 8(2): e56337
CYP2E1	LOC101796596	Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E polypeptide 1 (vase tunicate).	142	42	2	down	Catalyzing many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids.	Deka M, et al., World J Gastroenterol. 2010, 16(38):4800–8.
Innate immune response related with anti-virus infection
RSAD2	Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2	Highly similar to Homo sapiens viperin (cig5)	124	15	1	down	A cellular protein which could inhibit many DNA and RNA viruses such as CHIKV, HCMV, HCV, DENV, WNV, SINV, influenza, HIV LAI strain.	Teng TS, et al., J Clin Invest, 2012, 122:4447–60; Cho H, et al., Nat Med. 2013;19(4):458–64; Thomas E, et al., Gastroenterology, 2012,142:978–88
CMPK2	Uncharacterized protein	Mitochondrial cytidine monophosphate (UMP-CMP) kinase 2	75	22	2	down	Antiviral ISGs in primary neurons induced by IFN-βtreatment.	Li J, et al., Glia, 2011, 59:58–67
RIPK2	Uncharacterized protein	Highly similar to Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)	40	16	7	down	Modulated by HBeAg which supporting the concept that HBeAg could impair both innate and adaptive immune responses to promote chronic HBV infection; NOD2-RIPK2 signaling in protection against virally triggered immunopathology.	Wu S, et al., J Infect Dis.2012, 206:415–20; Lupfer C, et al., Nat Immunol, 2013, 14: 480–488
Tight junction related DEGs
ACTA2	Uncharacterized protein	Highly similar to Actin, aortic smooth muscle	13	93	819	up	Playing a role in cell motility, structure and integrity.	Lee HW, et al., Clin Cancer Res, 2013, 19:5879–89.
JAM3	Uncharacterized protein	Junctional adhesion molecule C	0	2	9	up	Interact with the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR).	Mirza M, et al., Exp Cell Res. 2006, 312:817–30.
PPP2R2B	Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B	Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform	0	2	22	up	Involved in the negative control of cell growth and division.	Cheng WT, et al., BMC Cell Biol, 2009,10:91
PRKAR1B	Uncharacterized protein	Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, beta, isoform CRA_b	1	10	63	up	Controling many biochemical events in the cell including regulation of metabolism, ion transport, and gene transcription.	Elphinstone MS, et al., Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2004, 61:716–23.
PPP2R2C	Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B	Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B gamma isoform	0	3	10	up	Involved in the negative control of cell growth and division.	Backx L, et al., Eur J Med Genet, 2010, 53:239–43.
MAGI2	Uncharacterized protein	Highly similar to WW andPDZ domain-containing protein 2	0	0	1	up	Acting as scaffold molecule at synaptic junctions by assembling neurotransmitter receptors and cell adhesion proteins.	Wapenaar MC, et al., Gut, 2008, 57:463–7
ACTG2	Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle	cDNA FLJ42347 fis, clone UTERU2003399	13	101	271	up	Involved in various types of cell motility and in the maintenance of the cytoskeleton.	Citi S, et al., Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2009,1165:88–98
CLDN2	Claudin	Claudin-2	16	4	1	down	Expressed in an organ-specific manner and regulate tissue-specific physiologic properties of tight junctions.	Wu F, et al., Exp Eye Res, 2008, 87:214–25; Rosenthal R et al., J Cell Sci, 2010,123:1913–21; Van Itallie CM, et al., Mol Biol Cell, 2009, 20:3930–40.