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. 2016 Feb 23;6:21934. doi: 10.1038/srep21934

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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(a–i) The expression of nine genes encoding different classes of disease-responsive proteins was investigated in saplings of ‘Valley Forge’ (VF) and the susceptible (S) elm clone at 0–144 hpi with the O. novo-ulmi fungus. The expression of each gene was normalized to that of three reference genes (EIF 5a, vacuolar ATP synthase and splicing factor 3B) and was calculated relative to the control sample (0 hpi) in the susceptible clone. The results are the mean ± SE of three biological replicates. Values marked with an asterisk (*) are significantly greater ( ≥ 2 times) than the control sample and the corresponding time point in the other genotype (P < 0.05).