TABLE 3.
Effect of DEN, a WD, and broccoli on hepatic neoplasm–related lesions in male B6C3F1 mice1
| S |
DEN |
||||||||||||||
| NB |
B |
NB |
B |
P (2- or 3-factor ANOVA) |
|||||||||||
| CON (n = 6) | WD (n = 6) | CON (n = 6) | WD (n = 6) | CON (n = 10) | WD (n = 11) | CON (n = 10) | WD (n = 9) | DEN | B | WD | DEN × B | DEN × WD | B × WD | DEN × B × WD | |
| Macroscopic lesions | |||||||||||||||
| Nodule incidence2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (70) | 11 (100) | 5 (50) | 8 (89) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nodules,2 n | NDb | NDb | NDb | NDb | 2.3 ± 1.9b | 8.4 ± 5.7a | 0.5 ± 0.5b | 3.0 ± 2.4a,b | <0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Max nodule diameter, mm | — | — | — | — | 4.1 ± 2.4a,b | 9.3 ± 4.6a | 3.2 ± 3.5b | 5.4 ± 3.0a,b | — | NS | 0.011 | — | — | NS | — |
| Microscopic lesions | |||||||||||||||
| AHF incidence | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (33) | 2 (20) | 4 (36) | 0 (0) | 4 (44) | |||||||
| HA incidence | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (46)* | 0 (0) | 1 (11) | |||||||
| HCC incidence | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 1 (9) | 0 (0) | 1 (11) | |||||||
| Total incidence | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (33) | 3 (30) | 9 (82)* | 0 (0) | 5 (56) | |||||||
1
Data are means ± SDs or n (%). Means with different letters are statistically significant, P < 0.05. NS is defined as P > 0.05. *P < 0.05 compared with DEN-NB-CON group by Fisher’s exact test. AHF, altered hepatic foci; B, broccoli; CON, control; DEN, diethylnitrosamine; HA, hepatic adenoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; max, maximum; NB, no broccoli; ND, not detectable; S, saline; WD, Western diet.
2
Visible liver nodules, diameter ≥1 mm; ND, diameter <1 mm.