. 2016 Jan 27;103(3):794–800. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.121780

TABLE 3.

RRs (95% CIs) for the association between each 1-mmol/L increase in maternal fasting plasma glucose concentrations and offspring adiposity measures at birth and follow-up

		Crude		Model 1¹		Model 1 + birth weight²
	n	RR (95% CI)	P value	RR (95% CI)	P value	RR (95% CI)	P value
Macrosomia (birth weight >4000 g)	661	1.18 (1.05, 1.32)	0.006	1.21 (1.07, 1.38)	0.003	NA³	NA
Large-for-gestational age	661	1.18 (1.03, 1.34)	0.016	1.19 (1.02, 1.39)	0.026	NA	NA
Overweight/obesity at 5 mo⁴	405	1.07 (0.77, 1.48)	0.697	1.18 (0.79, 1.78)	0.417	1.07 (0.70, 1.65)	0.755
Overweight/obesity at 12 mo⁴	397	1.04 (0.84, 1.28)	0.724	1.09 (0.84, 1.40)	0.514	1.03 (0.80, 1.33)	0.824
Overweight/obesity at 7 y⁵	351	1.27 (1.07, 1.51)	0.007	1.21 (1.01, 1.50)	0.041	1.20 (1.01, 1.49)	0.042

Adjusted for maternal age at index child's birth, parity, socioeconomic status, prepregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, gestational age at oral-glucose-tolerance test, gestational weight gain, and gestational age at delivery. For multivariate analyses, the final sample sizes were 616, 381, 374, and 325 for ponderal index and BMI z scores at 5 mo, 12 mo, and 7 y, respectively, because of missing data on prepregnancy BMI, parity, and socioeconomic status.

Adjusted for covariates in model 1 and child’s birth weight.

NA, not applicable.

⁴

Defined as age- and sex-specific BMI-for-age z scores >85th percentile according to the WHO Child Growth Standards.

⁵

Defined as age- and sex-specific BMI-for-age z scores >2 SD according to the WHO growth reference.