TABLE 1.

Major cell types expressing TL1A

Cell type or organ	Comments	References
T cells	Up-regulated on activation via the TCR on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro	[23, 24]
F4/80+ macrophages	In response to chronic infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium	[25]
Monocytes	Up-regulation upon stimulation with immune complex and TLR ligands	[26, 27]
Dendritic cells	Up-regulation upon stimulation with immune complex and TLR ligands	[23, 26, 27]
CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes	High mRNA expression in cells isolated from murine colon	[28]
HUVEC cells	Highly expressed and inducible in response to IL-1α and PMA stimulation	[9]
Kidney vascular endothelial cells	mRNA and protein detected	[29]
Kidney tubular epithelial cells	Protein but no mRNA in allograft rejection	[29]
Murine brain	mRNA detected	[30]

Immune and nonimmune cells that express the ligand TL1A with their expression patterns and the conditions under which expression has been observed. HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells.