TABLE 4.
TL1A associations with human autoreactive disease
| Disease | Expression association | References | Genetic association | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crohn’s disease | Up-regulated mRNA and protein in inflamed intestine | [46, 55, 59, 82] | Japanese and European cohorts | [83–86] |
| Up-regulated in serum in active disease | ||||
| Higher with colonic involvement. | ||||
| Lower mRNA in treated patients | ||||
| Ulcerative colitis | Up-regulated mRNA and protein in inflamed intestine | [46, 55, 87, 88] | European cohorts | [86] |
| Up-regulated in serum | ||||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Up-regulated in synovial fluid and serum. | [80, 89–92] | ||
| Higher in severe/terminal disease. | ||||
| Serum TL1A decreases with anti-TNF treatment. | ||||
| Associated with RF and anti-CCP antibodies. | ||||
| Correlated with carotid plaque height progression. | ||||
| Psoriasis | Up-regulated in serum. | [93, 94] | ||
| Up-regulated protein and mRNA in skin lesions. | ||||
| Serum TL1A decreases with treatment. | ||||
| Primary biliary cirrhosis | Up-regulated in serum in early and late stages. | [95] | Japanese cohort | [96] |
| Higher in patients with cholangitis. | ||||
| Serum TL1A decreases with treatment in early stage. | ||||
| Ankylosing spondylitis | Up-regulated in serum of patients not receiving anti-TNF treatment. Correlates with disease activity. | [97] |
TL1A expression and genetic associations with human disease. Further details, particularly of genetic associations, are described in the text. References are given for each section.