Fig. 1.

Schematic diagram of the experimental paradigm and scanning protocol. (A) Locations used to present the melodies. Gray indicates the four locations that were used only during the test period of the recognition control trials. (B) Illustration of the testing procedure. All trials started with the presentation of a cross in the middle of the screen followed by the encoding period, during which the auditory stimulus was presented. After a variable delay, a visual instructional cue was presented and the test period followed after the disappearance of the visual cue. A second auditory stimulus was presented during the test period for the experimental and recognition control trials but not during the baseline control trials. The subjects’ responses were recorded during the test period. The duration of the various periods was the same for the experimental and control trials. (C) Illustration of the sparse-sampling fMRI scanning used in this experiment.