Table 3.
Cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters during alpine skiing (AS), cross-country skiing (XCS) and indoor cycling (IC) at low (70%HRmax), moderate (80% HRmax) and high (90% HRmax) intensity (n =19). Data are means (±SE).
| AS | XCS | IC | ANOVA (F-value, p-value) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Mod | High | Low | Mod | High | Low | Mod | High | Modea | Intensityb | |
| HRpeak (bpm) | 138(4)* | 154(4) | 162(3) | 137(2)* | 152(2) | 170(2) | 124(3)* | 142(3) | 161(3) | F2,11=13, p=.001 | F2,11=262, p <.001 |
| Rel. HRpeak (% HRmax) | 79(2)* | 88(2) | 93(2) | 79(1)* | 87(1) | 98(1) | 71(1)* | 82(1) | 92(1) | F2,11=11, p=.003 | F2,11=240, p<.001 |
| Blood lactate (mmol·L-1) | 1.8 (.2)* | 3.3 (.2) | 4.6 (.5) | 2.4 (.3)* | 3.5 (.5) | 6.6 (.6) | 1.9 (.2)* | 3.3 (.3) | 6.0 (.5) | F2,11=4.0, p=.049 | F2,11=51, p<.001 |
| Rel. lactate (% peak lactate) | 23(3)* | 37(2) | 57(7) | 28(4)* | 40(7) | 76(7) | 22(3)* | 39(4) | 71(8) | NS | F2,11=50, p<.001 |
| Blood glucose (mmol·L-1) | 4.8 (.1) | 4.8 (.1) | 5.3 (.2) | 4.6 (.1) | 4.7 (.1) | 4.8 (.1)* | 4.8 (.1) | 4.7 (.2) | 4.6 (.2) | NS | F2,11=14, p=.006 |
| RERmean | .91 (.02)* | .95 (.01) | .98 (.02) | 1.02 (.03) | 1.05 (.03) | 1.14 (.03)* | .92 (.02) | 1.00 (.03) | 1.00 (.03) | F2,8=14, p=.003 | F2,8=14, P=.001 |
| VO2peak (ml·kg-1·min-1) | 23.7 (.9)* | 28.6 (1.1) | 32.4 (1.2) | 32.4 (1.1)* | 34.6 (1.4) | 36.4 (1.5) | 27.1 (.8*) | 31.7 (.9) | 36.7 (1.3) | F2,8=13, p=.003 | F2,8=47, p<.001 |
| VO2steadystate (ml·kg-1·min-1) | 19.0 (.5)* | 24.1 (.9) | 29.1 (1.1) | 26.6 (1.0)* | 29.8 (1.1) | 32.4 (1.2) | 23.7 (.8)* | 28.3 (.8) | 33.1 (1.0) | F2,8=11, p=.005 | F2,8=67, p<.001 |
| Rel. VO2peak %VO2max | 64(3)* | 74(4) | 84(4) | 84(4)* | 89(3) | 94(3) | 70(4)* | 82(4) | 94(3) | F2,8=21, p=.001 | F2,8=42, p<.001 |
| EEsteady state (kcal·h-1) | 448(21)* | 590(32) | 713(32) | 644(29)* | 731(29) | 813(33) | 558(28)* | 677(30) | 803(37) | F2,8=10, p=.006 | F2,8=71, p<.001 |
| EE4 min (kcal) | 27.9 (1.1)* | 35.6 (1.8) | 44.0 (1.8) | 40.3 (2.0)* | 45.6 (1.7) | 51.0 (2.0) | 36.2 (1.8)* | 42.8 (2.0) | 50.1 (2.3) | F2,8=13, p=.003 | F2,8=86, p<.001 |
| RPEwhole-body | 9.8 (.6)* | 12.3 (.6) | 14.9 (.6) | 9.3 (.4)* | 11.7 (.4) | 15.6 (.4) | 10.5 (.5)* | 13.0 (.2) | 15.0 (.4) | NS | F2,11=93, p<.001 |
| RPEarms | 7.9 (.5)* | 9.4 (.5) | 10.5 (.8) | 9.2 (.4)* | 11.1 (.6) | 14.4 (.6) | 7.9 (.6)* | 9.0 (.5) | 11.0 (.8) | F2,11=17, p<.001 | F2,11=44, p<.001 |
| RPElegs | 12.6 (.5)* | 16.1 (.6) | 16.8 (.6) | 8.8 (.4)* | 10.2 (.5) | 13.0 (.5) | 11.1 (.3)* | 13.6 (.3) | 15.5 (.5) | F2,11=37, p<.001 | F2,11=106, p<.001 |
HR, heart rate; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; VO2, oxygen uptake; EE, energy expenditure; EEsteady_state, estimated energy expenditure over one hour based on the EE during the last minute of each intensity stage; EE4min, exact energy expenditure during each of the 4-min stages; RPE, rate of perceived exertion.
a main effect of exercise mode.
b main effect of intensity.
*significantly different to the two other intensities in the same exercise mode. NS, not significant.