Table 2. Result of the clinical, social functioning, and neurocognitive measures before and after the 6-week trial in the intervention and control groups
| Scale: subscale |
time | intervention group (n=20) |
control group (n=20) |
group comparisona |
| Positive and Negative Symptom Scale: positive symptoms |
baseline, mean (sd) 6 weeks, mean (sd) paired t-test (p-value) effect size |
16.15 (1.92) 15.55 (1.76) 2.26 (0.036) 0.51 |
14.40 (1.98) 14.45 (2.11) -0.16 (0.878) 0.03 |
F(1, 38)=8.01; p=0.007 F(1, 37)=0.31; p=0.576 |
| Positive and Negative Symptom Scale: negative symptoms |
baseline, mean (sd) 6 weeks, mean (sd) paired t-test (p-value) effect size |
23.65 (2.53) 22.25 (1.71) 2.52 (0.021) 0.56 |
22.40 (2.01) 21.85 (1.56) 2.77 (0.012) 0.62 |
F(1, 38)=2.98; p=0.093 F(1, 37)=0.91; p=0.764 |
| Positive and Negative Symptom Scale: general psychopathology |
baseline, mean (sd) 6 weeks, mean (sd) paired t-test (p-value) effect size |
13.4 (1.14) 12.8 (1.00) 3.26 (0.004) 0.73 |
13.40 (1.04) 12.95 (1.35) 1.91 (0.070) 0.42 |
F(1, 38)=0.00;p=1.000 F(1, 37)=0.27; p=0.603 |
| Clinical Global Impression Scale: severity of illness measure |
baseline, mean (sd) 6 weeks, mean (sd) paired t-test (p-value) effect size |
3.70 (0.73) 3.55 (0.60) 1.14 (0.267) 0.25 |
3.45 (0.60) 3.50 (0.60) -0.57 (0.577) 0.05 |
F(1, 38)=1.39; p=0.247 F(1, 37)=0.57; p=0.453 |
| Personal and Social Performance Scale | baseline, mean (sd) 6 weeks, mean (sd) paired t-test (p-value) effect size |
55.95 (5.77) 58.63 (6.13) -3.06 (0.006) 0.68 |
54.70 (5.94) 55.85 (7.53) -1.71 (0.104) 0.38 |
F(1, 38)=0.45; p=0.504 F(1, 37)=1.85; p=0.018 |
| Hong Kong List Learning Test | baseline, mean (sd) 6 weeks, mean (sd) paired t-test (p-value) effect size |
18.70 (6.60) 15.85 (3.91) 2.39 (0.027) 0.53 |
22.95 (5.74) 20.00 (6.71) 1.62 (0.121) 0.36 |
F(1, 38)=4.71; p=0.036 F(1, 37)=2.81; p=0.102 |
| Letter-Number Sequencing Tasks | baseline, mean (sd) 6 weeks, mean (sd) paired t-test (p-value) effect size |
9.90 (4.47) 10.10 (3.50) -0.18 (0.863) 0.03 |
9.95 (5.45) 10.85 (7.08) -0.67 (0.512) 0.14 |
F(1, 38)=0.00; p=0.975 F(1, 37)=0.20; p=0.654 |
| a The F-value at 6 weeks is for an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) that uses the result at baseline as a covariate | ||||