Table 2.
HRs (95% CI) of T2D according to total potato consumption
| Total potato consumption, servings/week | Every 3 servings/week | P value for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 | 1 | 2–4 | 5–6 | ≥7 | |||
| NHS | |||||||
| Cases/person-years | 222/76,255 | 678/188,652 | 3,625/765,323 | 2,742/520,932 | 169/33,410 | ||
| Model 1* | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 1.33 (1.16–1.53) | 1.56 (1.36–1.79) | 1.73 (1.42–2.11) | 1.23 (1.18–1.28) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2† | 1.00 | 1.18 (1.01–1.37) | 1.34 (1.17–1.54) | 1.49 (1.29–1.72) | 1.56 (1.27–1.92) | 1.16 (1.11–1.21) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.99–1.35) | 1.25 (1.09–1.44) | 1.31 (1.14–1.51) | 1.34 (1.09–1.64) | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | 0.0003 |
| Model 4§ | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | 1.22 (1.05–1.40) | 1.27 (1.04–1.56) | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | 0.0003 |
| NHSII | |||||||
| Cases/person-years | 124/78,479 | 400/215,170 | 2,156/788,609 | 1,782/498,008 | 159/30,045 | ||
| Model 1* | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.86–1.29) | 1.34 (1.12–1.60) | 1.96 (1.64–2.36) | 3.35 (2.64–4.23) | 1.57 (1.49–1.65) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2† | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 1.27 (1.05–1.52) | 1.70 (1.41–2.05) | 2.49 (1.95–3.17) | 1.41 (1.34–1.49) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) | 1.15 (0.96–1.39) | 1.44 (1.19–1.74) | 2.04 (1.60–2.61) | 1.30 (1.23–1.37) | <0.0001 |
| Model 4§ | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 1.09 (0.90–1.31) | 1.38 (1.08–1.76) | 1.12 (1.05–1.18) | 0.0002 |
| HPFS | |||||||
| Cases/person-years | 120/34,791 | 311/89,791 | 1,466/350,216 | 1,266/291,602 | 142/26,723 | ||
| Model 1* | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) | 1.44 (1.13–1.84) | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2† | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 1.47 (1.14–1.89) | 1.12 (1.05–1.19) | 0.0003 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.80–1.23) | 1.06 (0.88–1.29) | 1.10 (0.90–1.34) | 1.33 (1.03–1.72) | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) | 0.03 |
| Model 4§ | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.76–1.17) | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) | 1.38 (1.07–1.78) | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | 0.004 |
| Pooled¶ | |||||||
| Model 3‡ | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 1.17 (1.07–1.29) | 1.29 (1.17–1.42) | 1.52 (1.33–1.73) | 1.17 (1.13–1.22) | <0.0001 |
| Model 4§ | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 1.15 (1.04–1.26) | 1.33 (1.17–1.52) | 1.13 (1.09–1.17) | <0.0001 |
*Model 1 was adjusted for age (years).
†Model 2 was adjusted for age; ethnicity (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, or Asian); smoking status (never, past, current [1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/day], or missing); alcohol intake [0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥15.0 g/day for women and 0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–29.9, or ≥30.0 g/day for men); multivitamin use (yes or no); physical activity (<3, 3.0–8.9, 9.0–17.9, 18.0–26.9, ≥27.0 metabolic equivalents of task-hours/week, or missing); a family history of diabetes (yes or no); menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use (premenopause, postmenopause [never, past, or current hormone use], or missing, for women); oral contraceptive use (never, past, current, or missing, for NHS II); and total energy intake (kcal/day).
‡Model 3 was adjusted for variables in model 2 plus modified aHEI score (fifths).
§Model 4 was adjusted for variables in model 3 plus baseline BMI (<23, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–26.9, 27.0–28.9, 29.0–30.9, 31.0–32.9, 33.0–34.9, 35.0–36.9, 37.0–38.9, 39.0–40.9, 41.0–42.9, 43.0–44.9, and ≥45.0 kg/m2, or missing).
¶Results from all cohorts were pooled using a fixed-effects meta-analysis.