Table 1.

Demographic and income characteristics of men and women

Variable	Total sample	Men	Women
N	1,431	980 (68%)	451 (32%)
Age in years, mean (SD)	40.0 (8.5)	39.9 (8.5)	40.1 (8.5)
Race, %†
Black	45	42	52
Hispanic	45	48	39
Other	10	10	9
Marital status, %
Married/common law	10	9	10
Never married	62	62	62
Formerly married	28	29	28
Past 30 days income, %‡
No earned income	87	84	92
Some earned income	13	16	8
Previous welfare experience
Had previous case, %‡	80	75	93
No. times on welfare, mean (SD)‡	2.7 (3.6)	2.2 (3.0)	3.8 (4.6)
No. months on welfare, mean (SD)‡	25.1 (41.2)	16.0 (29.4)	48.7 (55.4)

Notes: Group differences were tested using the chi-square statistic for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables. Column percentages are presented for categorical variables; means and standard deviations are presented for continuous variables.

^†p < .01;

^‡p < .001.