Table 3.
Odds Ratioa(95% Confidence Interval) for individual menopause-related symptoms according to 25(OH)D clinical cut-off categories
| Menopause-related symptomb | 25(OH)D level <25 nmol/L | 25(OH)D level ≥25 to <50 nmol/L | 25(OH)D level ≥50 to <75 nmol/L | 25(OH)D level ≥75 nmol/L | P value | P value adjusted or multiple comparisons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hot flashes | 1.89 (0.64, 5.59) | 1.23 (0.55, 2.75) | 1.34 (0.61,2.93) | Ref | 0.68 | 0.85 |
| Night sweats | 1.53 (0.61, 3.83) | 0.84 (0.43, 1.66) | 1.08 (0.56, 2.08) | Ref | 0.46 | 0.63 |
| Dizziness | 2.51 (0.96, 6.56) | 1.35 (0.64, 2.84) | 1.55 (0.75, 3.23) | Ref | 0.25 | 0.63 |
| Heart racing | 1.91 (0.71, 5.12) | 1.26 (0.61, 2.58) | 1.94 (0.97, 3.90) | Ref | 0.18 | 0.41 |
| Tremors | 1.61 (0.29, 9.02) | 1.12 (0.33, 3.82) | 0.33 (0.07, 1.53) | Ref | 0.32 | 0.58 |
| Restless | 1.71 (0.76, 3.84) | 1.02 (0.58, 1.81) | 0.67 (0.37, 1.19) | Ref | 0.08 | 0.71 |
| Feeling tired | 1.73 (0.54, 5.49) | 1.07 (0.50, 2.29) | 1.21 (0.57, 2.59) | Ref | 0.78 | 0.58 |
| Difficulty concentrating | 2.14 (0.91, 5.03) | 2.40 (1.30, 4.44) | 1.60 (0.87, 2.97) | Ref | 0.04 | 0.82 |
| Forgetfulness | 1.41 (0.64, 3.10) | 1.44 (0.83, 2.48) | 1.00 (0.59, 1.70) | Ref | 0.38 | 0.24 |
| Mood swings | 1.38 (0.60, 3.20) | 1.49 (0.83, 2.67) | 1.10 (0.61, 1.97) | Ref | 0.51 | 0.24 |
| Vaginal dryness | 1.43 (0.59, 3.49) | 1.26 (0.67, 2.35) | 1.15 (0.62, 2.15) | Ref | 0.87 | 0.24 |
| Breast tenderness | 2.50 (0.98, 6.37) | 1.19 (0.59, 2.40) | 1.75 (0.89, 3.43) | Ref | 0.11 | 0.92 |
| Headache | 0.98 (0.44, 2.18) | 1.40 (0.81, 2.44) | 1.25 (0.72, 2.16) | Ref | 0.53 | 0.58 |
| Wake at night | 2.11 (0.96, 4.68) | 2.24 (1.27, 3.94) | 1.42 (0.81, 2.49) | Ref | 0.03 | 0.92 |
| Waking earlier than planned | 2.82 (0.74, 10.7) | 1.51 (0.53, 4.28) | 0.99 (0.33, 2.96) | Ref | 0.32 | 0.24 |
| Trouble going back to sleep | 2.68 (0.92, 7.77) | 1.75 (0.78, 3.92) | 1.62 (0.72, 3.67) | Ref | 0.34 | 0.41 |
| Quality of sleep | 0.74 (0.33, 1.64) | 0.70 (0.41, 1.21) | 0.99 (0.58, 1.67) | Ref | 0.43 | 0.58 |
| Restless sleep | 1.70 (0.67, 4.31) | 1.37 (0.69, 2.73) | 1.33 (0.67, 2.64 | Ref | 0.72 | 0.78 |
| Energy | 0.94 (0.40, 2.21) | 0.84 (0.45, 1.57) | 0.91 (0.49, 1.70) | Ref | 0.95 | 0.94 |
a
Odds ratios are adjusted for age, years since menopause, ethnicity, education, BMI category, smoking status, UV exposure, HT use at screening, trial arm (HT or DM), calcium (dietary and supplement), and vitamin D (dietary and supplement).
b
Higher values indicate more bothersome symptoms or more frequent occurrence