Table 1. Descriptive statistics, by race (Waves 1-14, NLSY97).

Level 1 (within-individual)	Full Sample		White		African American
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Arrest
Ever	.07	.26	.06	.25	.09#	.30
Frequency	.28	1.18	.26	1.15	.31#	1.21
N ever arrest	35,042		23,170		11,872
N frequency of arrest	15,960		9,436		6,524
Level 2 (person)
Low verbal ability	.25	.43	.14	.34	.47#	.50
Test motivation	4.03	1.00	4.11	.95	3.87#	1.07
Low family Income	.25	.43	.14	.35	.46#	.50
High peer drug use	.35	.48	.32	.47	.39#	.49
GED	.14	.35	.11	.31	.21#	.41
HS Degree	.76	.42	.82	.38	.65#	.48
Offending Groups
Non-offender	.54	.50	.59	.49	.45#	.50
Adolescent-limited	.12	.32	.12	.32	.12	.32
Late bloomer	.15	.35	.13	.33	.19#	.39
Adolescent onset late bloomer	.15	.35	.13	.33	.19#	.39
Early onset desister	.02	.15	.02	.14	.03	.17
Life-course-persistent	.02	.15	.02	.14	.03†	.18

Notes:

^#Mean is significantly different from White, p <.05.

^†Mean is significantly different from White, p <.053.