Table 1.
Metabolic characteristics of the obese adolescents (n = 58)
| Low VAT/VAT+SAT ratio (n = 29) (0.08 ± 0.02) | High VAT/VAT+SAT ratio (n = 29) (0.15 ± 0.04) | P value | Adjusted P value (age, race, sex, BMI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric | ||||
| Age (years) | 15.3 ± 3.1 | 15.1 ± 3.0 | 0.795 | |
| Sex (female/male) | 22/7 | 16/13 | 0.097# | |
| Race (C/AA/H) | 6/16/7 | 15/8/6 | 0.014# | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37.3 ± 8.6 | 37.3 ± 6.6 | 0.991 | |
| BMI z-score | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 0.499 | 0.236 |
| % Fat | 42.0 ± 7.0 | 39.6 ± 6.4 | 0.260 | 0.143 |
| Abdominal fat distribution | ||||
| Visceral fat (cm2) | 54.0 ± 27.6 | 90.4 ± 29.4 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Subcutaneous fat (cm2) | 610.2 ± 246.8 | 546.7 ± 197.6 | 0.284 | 0.016 |
| VAT/VAT+SAT ratio | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| HFF (%) | 2.5 ± 6.6 | 10.5 ± 12.0 | 0.003 | 0.057 |
| Metabolic | ||||
| Insulin sensitivity | ||||
| Matsuda index (WBISI) | 2.4 ± 1.7 (n = 28) | 1.6 ± 1.0 (n = 27) | 0.050 | 0.008* |
| Glucose disposal rate (mg/kg LBM · min) | 10.7 ± 5.4 (n = 23) | 7.6 ± 3.4 (n = 21) | 0.025 | 0.037* |
| Adipokines and lipids | ||||
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 9.4 ± 5.1 | 6.2 ± 3.4 | 0.010 | 0.018 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 35.8 ± 16.3 | 34.6 ± 17.5 | 0.804 | 0.600 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 47.6 ± 9.7 | 39.3 ± 8.0 | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 82.8 ± 59.9 | 132.9 ± 88.8 | 0.020 | 0.426 |
| FFA (μmol/L/L) | 561.7 ± 166.2 | 616.5 ± 177.9 | 0.267 | 0.312 |
Metabolic characteristics of the obese adolescents undergoing fat biopsy (n = 58), with values reported as the mean ± SD. AA, African Americans; C, Caucasians; FFA, free fatty acid; H, Hispanics; HFF, hepatic fat fraction; LBM, lean body mass; TG, triglycerides; WBISI, whole-body insulin sensitivity index.
#χ2 test, ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, race, and BMI.
*Values are log transformed. Values in bold are P < 0.05.