Table 3. HCV antibody prevalence and risk factors among MMT clients with baseline HCV test results in China, 2004–2012.
| Participants, N (%) | HCV Cases, n | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR, (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR, (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 251599 (84.9) | 135395 | 53.8 (53.6–54.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Female | 44610 (15.1) | 26292 | 58.9 (58.5–59.4) | 1.23 (1.21–1.26) | <0.0001 | 1.39 (1.36–1.43) | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 16–29 | 71881 (24.3) | 35664 | 49.6 (49.2–50.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 30–44 | 191480 (64.6) | 109550 | 57.2 (57.0–57.4) | 1.36 (1.34–1.38) | <0.0001 | 1.35 (1.31–1.38) | <0.0001 |
| ≥45 | 32848 (11.1) | 16473 | 50.1 (49.6–50.7) | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | <0.0001 | 1.28 (1.24–1.33) | <0.0001 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Han | 253947 (85.7) | 140492 | 55.3 (55.1–55.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Hui | 7529 (2.5) | 3089 | 41.0 (39.9–42.1) | 0.56 (0.54–0.59) | <0.0001 | 0.77 (0.73–0.82) | <0.0001 |
| Uyghur | 7086 (2.4) | 4900 | 69.1 (68.1–70.2) | 1.81 (1.72–1.90) | <0.0001 | 1.34 (1.26–1.42) | <0.0001 |
| Zhuang | 8976 (3.0) | 5435 | 60.6 (59.5–61.6) | 1.24 (1.19–1.29) | <0.0001 | 1.29 (1.22–1.36) | <0.0001 |
| Other | 18631 (6.3) | 7745 | 41.6 (40.9–42.3) | 0.58 (0.56–0.59) | <0.0001 | 0.78 (0.75–0.81) | <0.0001 |
| Missing data | 40 (0) | 26 | |||||
| Education level | |||||||
| ≤ Primary school | 61629 (20.8) | 32446 | 52.6 (52.3–53.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle school | 170559 (57.6) | 94927 | 55.7 (55.4–55.9) | 1.13 (1.11–1.15) | <0.0001 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | <0.0001 |
| ≥ High school | 63993 (21.6) | 34294 | 53.6 (53.2–54.0) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 0.0146 | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | <0.0001 |
| Missing data | 28 (0) | 8 | |||||
| Marital Status | |||||||
| Married | 140732 (47.5) | 67830 | 48.2 (47.9–48.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Unmarried | 155009 (52.3) | 93600 | 60.4 (60.1–60.6) | 1.64 (1.61–1.66) | <0.0001 | 1.25 (1.23–1.28) | <0.0001 |
| Missing data | 468 (0.2) | 257 | |||||
| Occupation | |||||||
| Employed | 99927 (33.7) | 47516 | 47.6 (47.2–47.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Unemployed | 196252 (66.3) | 114150 | 58.2 (58.0–58.4) | 1.53 (1.51–1.56) | <0.0001 | 1.12 (1.11–1.15) | <0.0001 |
| Missing data | 30 (0) | 21 | |||||
| HIV serostatus | |||||||
| Negative | 254170 (85.8) | 133180 | 52.4 (52.2–52.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Positive | 17200 (5.8) | 13700 | 79.7 (79.1–80.3) | 3.56 (3.42–3.70) | <0.0001 | 1.74 (1.67–1.82) | <0.0001 |
| Missing data | 24839 (8.4) | 14806 | |||||
| Drug use history characteristics | |||||||
| Duration (years) | |||||||
| 0–2 | 55874 (18.9) | 18611 | 33.3 (32.9–33.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 3–5 | 44525 (15.0) | 20812 | 46.7 (46.3–47.2) | 1.76 (1.71–1.80) | <0.0001 | 1.31 (1.27–1.35) | <0.0001 |
| 6–8 | 43063 (14.5) | 24801 | 57.6 (57.1–58.1) | 2.72 (2.65–2.79) | <0.0001 | 1.67 (1.62–1.72) | <0.0001 |
| ≥ 9 | 151408 (51.1) | 96823 | 63.9 (63.7–64.2) | 3.55 (3.48–3.63) | <0.0001 | 2.01 (1.96–2.06) | <0.0001 |
| Missing data | 1339 (0.5) | 640 | 47.8 (45.1–50.5) | ||||
| Injecting drug use | |||||||
| No | 96824 (32.7) | 19333 | 20.0 (19.7–20.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 197832 (66.8) | 141810 | 71.7 (71.5–71.9) | 10.15 (9.96–10.34) | <0.0001 | 8.34 (8.17–8.52) | <0.0001 |
| Missing data | 1553 (0.5) | 544 | |||||
| Ever shared needles | |||||||
| No | 259459 (87.6) | 132830 | 51.2 (51.0–51.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 36747 (12.4) | 28854 | 78.5 (78.1–78.9) | 3.49 (3.40–3.58) | <0.0001 | 1.52 (1.48–1.57) | <0.0001 |
| Missing data | 3 (0) | 3 | |||||
| Total | 296209 | 161687 | 54.6 (54.5–54.8) |
CI: confidence interval, OR: odds ratio.