Table 1.
Distributions of Patient Characteristics and Univariate Associations with Ovarian Cancer
| Variable | Level | n | % | Person-years | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Factors | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Age at cancer diagnosis (years) | <50 | 96 | 65.63 | 373 | ref | <.01 |
| 50–59 | 139 | 66.19 | 518 | 1.02 (0.74–1.41) | ||
| 60–69 | 149 | 71.14 | 509 | 1.15 (0.84–1.57) | ||
| 70+ | 158 | 83.54 | 422 | 1.62 (1.20–2.19) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Tumor histology | Serous | 374 | 83.16 | 996 | ref | <.01 |
| Endometrioid | 91 | 41.76 | 499 | 0.30 (0.21–0.42) | ||
| Clear Cell | 35 | 54.28 | 136 | 0.50 (0.32–0.80) | ||
| Mucinous | 18 | 33.33 | 110 | 0.22 (0.10–0.49) | ||
| Other | 24 | 79.17 | 82 | 0.80 (0.51–1.28) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Cancer stage | 1 | 87 | 27.59 | 568 | ref | <.01 |
| 2 | 38 | 47.37 | 211 | 1.88 (1.02–3.47) | ||
| 3 | 328 | 81.40 | 886 | 5.85 (3.84–8.91) | ||
| 4 | 89 | 94.38 | 158 | 10.10 (6.38–16.0) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Grade | Low | 91 | 37.36 | 534 | ref | <.01 |
| High | 449 | 79.73 | 1276 | 3.57 (2.51–5.09) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Ascites present at surgery | No | 164 | 48.78 | 807 | ref | <.01 |
| Yes | 275 | 83.64 | 695 | 2.85 (2.21–3.69) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Postoperative residual disease | None | 238 | 51.26 | 1137 | ref | <.01 |
| ≤1cm | 152 | 92.11 | 308 | 3.52 (2.74–4.52) | ||
| >1cm | 70 | 91.43 | 107 | 4.80 (3.51–6.55) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Lifestyle/Reproductive Factors | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Age at menarche (years) | ≤11 | 67 | 70.15 | 234 | ref | 0.62 |
| 12 | 114 | 70.18 | 402 | 1.01 (0.71–1.45) | ||
| 13 | 122 | 66.39 | 446 | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | ||
| 14+ | 113 | 74.34 | 370 | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Oral contraceptive use | Never | 224 | 73.21 | 726 | ref | 0.20 |
| Ever | 278 | 70.50 | 1004 | 0.87 (0.71–1.08) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Parity/age at first birth | Nulliparous | 90 | 68.89 | 344 | ref | 0.32 |
| 1–2, ≤20 years | 41 | 65.85 | 156 | 0.96 (0.61–1.50) | ||
| 1–2, >20 years | 156 | 67.95 | 539 | 1.06 (0.77–1.45) | ||
| 3+, ≤20 years | 94 | 73.40 | 300 | 1.25 (0.89–1.77) | ||
| 3+, >20 years | 124 | 79.03 | 396 | 1.30 (0.94–1.78) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Education | Less than high school | 32 | 68.75 | 119 | ref | 0.70 |
| Finished high school | 160 | 73.75 | 549 | 1.18 (0.75–1.87) | ||
| More than high school | 280 | 70.71 | 958 | 1.10 (0.71–1.71) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Smoking status | Never | 292 | 71.23 | 1041 | ref | 0.31 |
| Ever | 213 | 72.30 | 693 | 1.11 (0.90–1.37) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Tumor Protein Expression | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| ARID1A | <1%–50% positive | 55 | 58.18 | 252 | ref | 0.02 |
| >50% positive | 449 | 74.16 | 1457 | 1.56 (1.08–2.24) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Beta 2 defensin | None | 20 | 85.00 | 48 | ref | 0.08 |
| Weak | 185 | 77.30 | 651 | 0.68 (0.41–1.13) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 264 | 69.32 | 877 | 0.59 (0.36–0.97) | ||
|
| ||||||
| CD68 | None/Weak | 138 | 68.12 | 523 | ref | 0.14 |
| Moderate | 232 | 75.43 | 760 | 1.23 (0.96–1.58) | ||
| Strong | 87 | 77.01 | 259 | 1.34 (0.98–1.84) | ||
|
| ||||||
| CD8 | None/Weak | 317 | 73.50 | 1043 | ref | 0.10 |
| Moderate | 117 | 74.36 | 388 | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | ||
| Strong | 42 | 59.52 | 185 | 0.63 (0.42–0.97) | ||
|
| ||||||
| DKK1 | Negative (<1%) | 368 | 75.00 | 1169 | ref | <.01 |
| 1–50% positive | 98 | 75.51 | 331 | 0.99 (0.76–1.28) | ||
| >50% positive | 24 | 41.67 | 135 | 0.34 (0.17–0.66) | ||
|
| ||||||
| ER | Negative (<1%) | 123 | 73.17 | 391 | ref | 0.04 |
| 1–50% positive | 91 | 84.62 | 267 | 1.21 (0.89–1.65) | ||
| >50% positive | 286 | 68.88 | 1034 | 0.87 (0.67–1.12) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Fibrinogen | None | 425 | 73.65 | 1423 | ref | 0.89 |
| Weak/Moderate/Strong | 38 | 73.68 | 119 | 1.03 (0.70–1.51) | ||
|
| ||||||
| FOLR1 | Negative (<1%) | 88 | 59.09 | 373 | ref | 0.04 |
| Weak cyto, membr | 189 | 73.02 | 670 | 1.29 (0.94–1.78) | ||
| Moderate/strong cyto, heterogeneous memb | 159 | 79.25 | 461 | 1.59 (1.15–2.21) | ||
| Full diffuse cyto, consistent strong memb | 69 | 78.26 | 192 | 1.45 (0.98–2.14) | ||
|
| ||||||
| gp96 | None | 16 | 93.75 | 38 | ref | 0.06 |
| Weak | 153 | 76.47 | 501 | 0.69 (0.41–1.19) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 320 | 68.75 | 1135 | 0.58 (0.35–0.98) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Heparan sulfate | None/Weak | 198 | 67.17 | 707 | ref | 0.13 |
| Moderate/Strong | 268 | 77.24 | 864 | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Heparanase | None | 170 | 77.06 | 553 | ref | 0.23 |
| Weak | 239 | 70.71 | 810 | 0.82 (0.65–1.04) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 50 | 72.00 | 181 | 0.83 (0.57–1.20) | ||
|
| ||||||
| High-mobility group box 1 | None | 154 | 77.92 | 519 | ref | 0.10 |
| Weak | 265 | 68.30 | 920 | 0.80 (0.64–1.01) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 42 | 83.33 | 127 | 1.07 (0.73–1.55) | ||
|
| ||||||
| HNF1B | Negative (<1%) | 384 | 76.82 | 1178 | ref | <.01 |
| 1–50% positive | 61 | 62.30 | 252 | 0.70 (0.50–0.98) | ||
| >50% positive | 55 | 58.18 | 245 | 0.61 (0.42–0.87) | ||
|
| ||||||
| hsp60 | Weak | 122 | 67.21 | 483 | ref | 0.09 |
| Moderate/Strong | 363 | 75.21 | 1143 | 1.24 (0.96–1.59) | ||
|
| ||||||
| hsp70 | Low | 164 | 64.63 | 638 | ref | <.01 |
| Medium | 181 | 81.22 | 516 | 1.51 (1.18–1.94) | ||
| High | 158 | 71.52 | 542 | 1.12 (0.86–1.46) | ||
|
| ||||||
| IkappaBalpha | None | 128 | 78.91 | 423 | ref | 0.24 |
| Weak | 248 | 72.18 | 852 | 0.82 (0.65–1.05) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 106 | 68.87 | 346 | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | ||
|
| ||||||
| IKKB | None | 97 | 77.32 | 334 | ref | 0.49 |
| Weak | 268 | 70.15 | 935 | 0.85 (0.65–1.11) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 109 | 72.48 | 346 | 0.92 (0.67–1.26) | ||
|
| ||||||
| MDM2 | Negative (<1%) | 340 | 79.71 | 982 | ref | <.01 |
| ≥1% positive | 152 | 58.55 | 658 | 0.58 (0.45–0.74) | ||
|
| ||||||
| MMP9 | None | 177 | 79.66 | 579 | ref | 0.07 |
| Weak | 259 | 68.73 | 888 | 0.77 (0.62–0.97) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 28 | 75.00 | 103 | 0.76 (0.48–1.20) | ||
|
| ||||||
| MyD88 | None/Weak | 96 | 59.38 | 405 | ref | 0.01 |
| Moderate | 209 | 73.68 | 691 | 1.46 (1.07–1.98) | ||
| Strong | 159 | 78.62 | 480 | 1.62 (1.18–2.23) | ||
|
| ||||||
| p16 | Negative (<1%) | 25 | 56.00 | 103 | ref | <.01 |
| 1–50% positive | 242 | 67.36 | 951 | 1.27 (0.73–2.19) | ||
| >50% positive | 232 | 80.17 | 630 | 1.89 (1.09–3.25) | ||
|
| ||||||
| p50 | None | 77 | 84.42 | 238 | ref | 0.02 |
| Weak | 240 | 75.00 | 779 | 0.84 (0.64–1.12) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 142 | 64.79 | 525 | 0.64 (0.47–0.89) | ||
|
| ||||||
| p53 | Negative (<1%) | 99 | 78.79 | 289 | ref | <.01 |
| 1–50% positive | 166 | 54.82 | 761 | 0.52 (0.38–0.70) | ||
| >50% positive | 230 | 84.78 | 606 | 1.12 (0.86–1.46) | ||
|
| ||||||
| p65 | None/Weak | 40 | 65.00 | 163 | ref | 0.15 |
| Moderate/Strong | 452 | 73.45 | 1491 | 1.35 (0.90–2.03) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Phospho-IkappaBalpha | None | 216 | 76.39 | 729 | ref | 0.19 |
| Weak/Moderate/Strong | 261 | 68.97 | 899 | 0.87 (0.70–1.07) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Phospho-p65 | None | 50 | 80.00 | 172 | ref | 0.66 |
| Weak | 297 | 71.72 | 1033 | 0.85 (0.61–1.20) | ||
| Moderate/Strong | 134 | 72.39 | 427 | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | ||
|
| ||||||
| PR | Negative (<1%) | 297 | 79.80 | 827 | ref | <.01 |
| 1–50% positive | 116 | 75.00 | 417 | 0.79 (0.61–1.00) | ||
| >50% positive | 77 | 48.05 | 383 | 0.40 (0.28–0.56) | ||
|
| ||||||
| TFF3 | Negative (<1%) | 327 | 81.04 | 951 | ref | <.01 |
| 1–50% positive | 105 | 70.48 | 364 | 0.82 (0.63–1.06) | ||
| >50% positive | 62 | 40.32 | 347 | 0.32 (0.21–0.48) | ||
|
| ||||||
| TLR4 | None/Weak | 164 | 65.85 | 633 | ref | <.01 |
| Moderate | 215 | 74.42 | 731 | 1.23 (0.96–1.57) | ||
| Strong | 90 | 80.00 | 236 | 1.60 (1.19–2.16) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Vimentin | Negative (<1%) | 354 | 78.25 | 1081 | ref | <.01 |
| 1–50% positive | 93 | 61.29 | 384 | 0.63 (0.47–0.83) | ||
| >50% positive | 44 | 65.91 | 166 | 0.65 (0.44–0.97) | ||
|
| ||||||
| WT1 | Negative (<1%) | 141 | 51.77 | 681 | ref | <.01 |
| 1–50% positive | 79 | 78.48 | 269 | 1.98 (1.40–2.78) | ||
| >50% positive | 283 | 82.69 | 736 | 2.48 (1.89–3.24) | ||
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; memb., membrane staining; cyto, cytoplasmic staining.